Understanding River Flow
The Science of Rivers: How and Why They Flow
Discover the forces that shape our waterways.

Rivers Around the World
Rivers flow primarily due to gravity, pulling water downhill. The steeper the slope, the faster the flow. This movement is called a current, strongest near the source where potential energy is highest. Friction with the riverbed and banks slows the current downstream. Other factors influencing flow include water volume, channel shape, and obstacles like rocks and trees.
Gravity's Role
Gravity is the primary driver of river flow, pulling water from higher to lower elevations.
Currents and Energy
The speed of the water (current) is fastest near the source and slows as it flows downstream due to energy loss from friction.
Influencing Factors
Water volume, river channel shape, and obstacles all affect the flow of a river.
Factors Affecting Flow
Water volume, river channel shape, and obstacles (rocks, trees) all impact the speed and direction of the river flow.