Tsetse Fly Disease: Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention
Understanding and Preventing Tsetse Fly Disease
Learn about the symptoms, treatment, and prevention of African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness).

Africa (West, Central, East, and Southern)
Tsetse fly disease, also known as African trypanosomiasis, is a parasitic disease transmitted by the bite of an infected tsetse fly. There are two main types:
* **Gambian trypanosomiasis**: Caused by *Trypanosoma brucei gambiense*, found in West and Central Africa. It's chronic, progressing slowly with symptoms appearing after months or years.
* **Rhodesian trypanosomiasis**: Caused by *Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense*, found in East and Southern Africa. It's acute, progressing rapidly with symptoms appearing within days or weeks.
Without treatment, both types can be fatal. Untreated Gambian trypanosomiasis has a 50% case-fatality rate, while Rhodesian trypanosomiasis is almost 100% fatal. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial.
Early Detection
Early diagnosis is critical for effective treatment and survival.
Prompt Treatment
Treatment involves medication to kill the parasites. Delaying treatment significantly increases the risk of death.
Prevention
Preventing tsetse fly bites is key. This includes using insect repellents, wearing protective clothing, and sleeping under insecticide-treated nets.
Treatment Options
Treatment is medication-based and varies depending on the type of infection and its stage. Early diagnosis and treatment dramatically improve the chances of survival.
Prevention Measures
Avoid areas with high tsetse fly populations. Use insect repellents, wear protective clothing, and sleep under insecticide-treated nets.